Cientistas convocam para uma Ação de Saúde Pública tendo como modelo o uso do Hormônio-Vitamina D

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CIENTISTAS CONVOCAM PARA UMA AÇÃO D*  

[*PROJETO QUE TEM O PROPÓSITO DE SERVIR COMO UM MODELO DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA COM A VITAMINA D] 

A DEFICIÊNCIA DE VITAMINA D É EPIDÊMICA
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Sobre o assunto, assista também: Vitamina D3 – 10.000 UI diárias é vital para à saúde

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Scientists’ Call to D*action
The Vitamin D Deficiency Epidemic

40-75% of the world’s population is vitamin D deficient.

The causal link between severe vitamin D deficiency and rickets or the bone disease of osteomalacia is overwhelming, while the link between vitamin D insuffiency and osteoporosis with associated decreased muscle strength and increased risk of falls in osteoporotic humans is well documented by evidencebased intervention studies.

There are newly appreciated associations between vitamin D insufficiency and many other diseases, including tuberculosis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, type-1 diabetes, high blood pressure, increased heart failure, myopathy, breast and other cancers which are believed to be linked to the non-calcemic actions of the parent vitamin D and its daughter steroid hormone. Based on the evidence we now have at hand, action is urgent.

It is projected that the incidence of many of these diseases could be reduced by 20%-50% or more, if the occurrence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were eradicated by increasing vitamin D intakes through increased UVB exposure, fortified foods or supplements. The appropriate intake of vitamin D required to effect a significant disease reduction depends on the individual’s age, race, lifestyle, and latitude of residence. The latest Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, 2010, indicates 10,000 IU/day is considered the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level). 4000 IU/day can be considered a safe upper intake level for adults aged 19 and older.

It is well documented that the darker the skin, the greater the probability of a vitamin D deficiency. Even in southern climates, 55% of African Americans and 22% of Caucasians are deficient.

More than 1 billion people worldwide are affected at a tremendous cost to society.

A Scientists’ Call to Action has been issued to alert the public to the importance to have vitamin D serum levels between 40 and 60 nanograms/milliliter (100-150 nanomoles/liter) to prevent these diseases. Implementing this level is safe and inexpensive.

The benefit of an adequate vitamin D level to each individual will be better overall health and a reduction in illnesses and, ultimately, a significant reduction in health care costs. The benefit of adequate vitamin D levels to society/businesses is a more productive workforce and, lower health care costs.

The D*action project has as its purpose to serve as a model for public health action on vitamin D. It is a test bed for techniques, and for providing outcome evaluation at a community level.

http://www.grassrootshealth.net/epidemic

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Vitamin D in Pregnancy May Be Key to Women’s Risk for Multiple Sclerosis

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MONDAY, Nov. 19 (HealthDay News) — Pregnant women with higher levels of vitamin D circulating in their blood were significantly less likely to develop multiple sclerosis in the years after giving birth, a new Swedish study suggests.

Researchers also found that vitamin D blood levels had decreased gradually since 1975 in those tested, possibly providing clues as to why MS has become more common in industrialized parts of the world.

“It seems that vitamin D might help twist the immune system towards a more non-inflammatory state, and this has been suggested as one of the [presumed] mechanisms by which vitamin D might influence MS risk,” said study author Dr. Jonatan Salzer, a doctoral student in pharmacology and clinical neuroscience at Umea University. “The finding does, however, need confirmation in a different [group] before it’s considered a ‘true’ finding, as is generally the case with these kinds of research results.”

The study is published in the Nov. 20 online issue of the journal Neurology.

Thought to be an autoimmune disorder, MS affects about 400,000 people in the United States, according to the National MS Society. The disease attacks the fatty sheath protecting nerves in the central nervous system, causing disabling symptoms such as blurred vision, loss of balance, bladder and bowel difficulties, slurred speech, numbness and extreme fatigue.

Salzer and his team reviewed results from 291,500 blood samples collected from 164,000 people in the northern part of Sweden since 1975, including 124,000 samples from pregnant women. Women who had high blood levels of vitamin D were 61 percent less likely to develop MS compared to those with low levels.

However, no link was found between the mother’s vitamin D levels and whether her child would later develop MS. These findings contradict a study published last week in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry that strongly implicated maternal exposure to vitamin D during pregnancy, concluding that MS risk is lower among those born between October and November, after months of vitamin D-producing sunlight exposure.

In the current Neurology study, high blood levels of vitamin D were defined as readings of 75 nanomoles per liter (nmol/L) or above. The Institute of Medicine, a non-profit group affiliated with the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, has said people should aim for blood levels of 50 nmol/L, which can be achieved with vitamin D supplements of 600 international units (IU) per day, or 800 IU for those older than 70.

Salzer noted that scientists don’t yet know if one source of vitamin D — whether sunlight, diet or supplements — affects blood levels more than another, calling it “the $10,000 question.”

“Sunlight, and its UVB radiation, has immune-modulating properties apart from generating vitamin D, and these effects might actually influence MS risk as well,” Salzer said. “Given the current knowledge, however, I’d say that the case for vitamin D is stronger than for sunlight in itself.”

Dr. Karen Blitz-Shabbir, director of the Multiple Sclerosis Center at Cushing Neuroscience Institute in Manhasset, N.Y., said she recommends blood tests measuring vitamin D levels for all her patients and would for the general population as well. She also recommends vitamin D supplements for all, noting that the much-researched vitamin has also been shown to hinder the systemic inflammation that can contribute to other serious conditions such as heart disease and cancer.

“Everything we see points to the value of vitamin D in MS,” she said. “This study makes absolute perfect sense.”

While the study found an association between lower vitamin D levels in pregnancy and MS risk, it did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.

SOURCES: Jonatan Salzer, M.D., doctoral student, department of pharmacology and clinical neuroscience, Umea University, Sweden; Karen Blitz-Shabbir, D.O., director, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Cushing Neuroscience Institute, Manhasset, N.Y.; Nov. 20, 2012, Neurology online

By Maureen Salamon
HealthDay Reporter

Fonte:

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• Elevated Levels Of Vitamin D During Pregnancy May Prevent Multiple Sclerosis In Mothers (medicalnewstoday.com)
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Fumo e Gravidez

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Pode causar problemas graves, pois, em relação às grávidas não fumantes, as grávidas fumantes aumentam o risco:

De ter aborto espontâneo, causado pelo descolamento prematuro da placenta¹;
De o bebê morrer pouco depois do parto (síndrome da morte súbita). O fumo durante a gravidez é a principal causa evitável de morte súbita do bebê após o nascimento2 3.

De o bebê nascer prematuro;

De ter um bebê com baixo peso2, 3. Bebês pesando 2.500 g ou menos são quase 40 vezes mais sujeitos à morte durante as primeiras 4 semanas de vida, que as crianças de peso normal2. Crianças nascidas com baixo peso são três vezes mais sujeitas a terem distúrbios neurológicos e de desenvolvimento que as crianças nascidas com peso normal4.

O fumo prejudica a chegada de oxigênio e de nutrientes ao feto, devido aos componentes tóxicos presentes nos produtos, como, por exemplo:
A nicotina no organismo causa liberação de acetilcolina, epinefrina e norepinefrina, que agem sobre o coração, causando um aumento da freqüência cardíaca, interferindo na agregação plaquetária e nos fatores de coagulação. Um dos efeitos mais importantes é a vasoconstrição dos vasos uterinos, reduzindo a disponibilidade de oxigênio para o feto2.
O monóxido de carbono tem uma grande afinidade com a hemoglobina, que transporta o oxigênio pelo sangue5. Quanto mais a mãe fuma, o sangue transporta mais monóxido de carbono e menos oxigênio chega ao feto. É um dos compostos responsável pela diminuição do peso fetal2.
O cigarro também causa a contração da artéria umbilical, que liga o bebê à mãe. Isso diminui o transporte de nutrientes até a criança. “Ou seja, quanto mais a mãe fuma, o bebê recebe mais toxinas e menos nutrientes2, 3”.
Além dos prejuízos causados ao feto, há também os riscos para a gestante, como para as demais mulheres que fumam. Por exemplo, têm um risco aumentado de doenças cardiovasculares5.

Referências Bibliográficas
1.ASH (2004). Action on Smoking and Health Factsheet nº 13: Pipe and Cigar Smoking. Disponível em: http://www.ash.org.uk/Find out about tobacco/facts and statistics. Acessado em 28/01/2009.
2.ALEIXO NETO, A. (1990). Efeitos do fumo na gravidez. Rev. Saúde Pública, vol.24 nº5, São Paulo. Outubro, 1990.
3.US Department of Health and Human Services (2004). The Health Consequences of Smoking. A Report of the Surgeon General, pág. 527, 564, 584, 585, 601. 2004. Disponível em: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/sgr_2004/index.htm#lights. Acessado em: 29/01/2009.
4.COMMITTEE TO STUDY THE PREVENTION OF LOW BIRTHWEIGHT (1987). Preventing low birthweight. Washington, D. C., Institute of Medicine.
5.US Department of Health and Human Services (2004). The Health Consequences of Smoking. A Report of the Surgeon General, pág. 616. 2004. Disponível em: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/sgr_2004/index.htm#lights. Acessado em: 29/01/2009.
6.ERNSTER, VIRGINIA et all.(2000). Women and tobacco: moving from policy to action. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. vol.78 no.7 Genebra July 2000.

Fonte:  http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/wps/content/Anvisa+Portal/Anvisa/Inicio/Derivados+do+Tabaco/Assuntos+de+Interesse/Danos+A+Saude/Fumo+e+Gravidez

 

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